French and Indian War Battle of Quebec (1759)

The Battle of Quebec was fought September 13, 1759, during the French Indian War (1754-1763). Arriving at Quebec in June 1759, British forces under Major General James Wolfe commenced a campaign to to capture the city. These operations culminated with the British crossing the St. Lawrence River at Anse-au-Foulon on the night of September 12/13 and establishing a position on the Plains of Abraham. Moving to expel the British, French forces were beaten the next day and the city ultimately fell. The triumph at Quebec was a pivotal victory that gave the British supremacy in North America. The Battle of Quebec became part of Britains Annus Mirabilis (Year of Wonders) that saw it win victories against the French in all theaters of the war. Background Following the successful capture of Louisbourg in 1758, British leaders began planning for a strike against Quebec the next year. After assembling a force at Louisbourg under Major General James Wolfe and Admiral Sir Charles Saunders, the expedition arrived off Quebec in early June 1759. The direction of the attack caught the French commander, the Marquis de Montcalm, by surprise as he had anticipated a British thrust from the west or south. Assembling his forces, Montcalm began building a system of fortifications along the north shore of the St. Lawrence and placed bulk of his army east of the city at Beauport. Establishing his army on the Ile dOrlà ©ans and the south shore at Point Levis, Wolfe began a bombardment of the city and ran ships past its batteries to reconnoiter for landing places upstream. Louis-Joseph de Montcalm. Photograph Source: Public Domain First Actions On July 31, Wolfe attacked Montcalm at Beauport but was repulsed with heavy losses. Stymied, Wolfe began to focus on landing to west of the city. While British ships raided upstream and threatened Montcalms supply lines to Montreal, the French leader was forced to disperse his army along the north shore to prevent Wolfe from crossing. Battle of Quebec (1759) Conflict: French Indian War (1754-1763)Date: September 13, 1759Armies CommandersBritishMajor General James Wolfe4,400 men engaged, 8,000 around QuebecFrenchMarquis de Montcalm4,500 engaged, 3,500 in QuebecCasualties:British: 58 killed, 596 wounded, and 3 missingFrench: around 200 killed and 1,200 wounded A New Plan The largest detachment, 3,000 men under Colonel Louis-Antoine de Bougainville, was sent upstream to Cap Rouge with orders to watch the river east back towards the city. Not believing that another assault at Beauport would be successful, Wolfe began planning a landing just beyond Pointe-aux-Trembles. This was cancelled due to poor weather and on September 10 he informed his commanders that he intended to cross at Anse-au-Foulon. A small cove southwest of the city, the landing beach at Anse-au-Foulon required British troops to come ashore and ascend a slope and small road to reach the Plains of Abraham above. The approach at Anse-au-Foulon was guarded by a militia detachment led Captain Louis Du Pont Duchambon de Vergor and numbered between 40-100 men. Though the Governor of Quebec, the Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal, was concerned about a landing in the area, Montcalm dismissed these fears believing that due to the severity of the slope a small detachment would be able to hold until help arrived. On the night of September 12, British warships moved to positions opposite Cap Rouge and Beauport to give the impression that Wolfe would be landing at two places. The British Landing Around midnight, Wolfes men embarked for Anse-au-Foulon. Their approach was aided by the fact that the French were expecting boats bringing provisions from Trois-Rivià ¨res. Nearing the landing beach, the British were challenged by a French sentry. A French-speaking Highland officer replied in flawless French and the alarm was not raised. Going ashore with forty men, Brigadier General James Murray signaled to Wolfe that it was clear to land the army. A detachment under Colonel William Howe (of future American Revolution fame) moved up the slope and captured Vergors camp. General Sir William Howe. Public Domain As the British were landing, a runner from Vergors camp reached Montcalm. Distracted by Saunders diversion off Beauport, Montcalm ignored this initial report. Finally coming to grips with the situation, Montcalm gathered his available forces and began moving west. While a more prudent course may have been to wait for Bougainvilles men to rejoin the army or least be in position to attack simultaneously, Montcalm wished to engage the British immediately before they could fortify and become established above Anse-au-Foulon. Plains of Abraham Forming in an open area known as the Plains of Abraham, Wolfes men turned towards the city with their right anchored on the river and their left on a wooded bluff overlooking the St. Charles River. Due to the length of his line, Wolfe was forced to deploy in two-deep ranks rather than the traditional three. Holding their position, units under Brigadier General George Townshend engaged in skirmishing with French militia and captured a gristmill. Under sporadic fire from the French, Wolfe ordered his men to lay down for protection. As Montcalms men formed for the attack, his three guns and Wolfes lone gun exchanged shots. Advancing to attack in columns, Montcalms lines became somewhat disorganized as they crossed the uneven terrain of the plain. Under strict orders to hold their fire until the French were within 30-35 yards, the British had double-charged their muskets with two balls. After absorbing two volleys from the French, the front rank opened fire in a volley that was compared to a cannon shot. Advancing a few paces, the second British line unleashed a similar volley shattering the French lines. Early in the battle, Wolfe was struck in the wrist. Bandaging the injury he continued, but was soon hit in the stomach and chest. Issuing his final orders, he died on the field. With the army retreating towards the city and the St. Charles River, the French militia continued to fire from the woods with the support of floating battery near the St. Charles River bridge. During the retreat, Montcalm was hit in the lower abdomen and thigh. Taken into the city, he died the next day. With the battle won, Townshend took command and gathered sufficient forces to block Bougainvilles approach from the west. Rather than attack with his fresh troops, the French colonel elected to retreat from the area. Aftermath The Battle of Quebec cost the British one of their best leaders as well as 58 killed, 596 wounded, and three missing. For the French, the losses included their leader and were around 200 killed and 1,200 wounded. With the battle won, the British quickly moved to lay siege to Quebec. On September 18 the commander of the Quebec garrison, Jean-Baptiste-Nicolas-Roch de Ramezay, surrendered the city to Townshend and Saunders. The following April, the Chevalier de Là ©vis, Montcalms replacement, defeated Murray outside the city at the Battle of Sainte-Foy. Lacking siege guns, the French were unable to retake the city. A hollow victory, the fate of New France had been sealed the previous November when a British fleet crushed the French at the Battle of Quiberon Bay. With the Royal Navy controlling the sea lanes, the French were unable to reinforce and re-supply their forces in North America. Cut off and facing growing numbers, Là ©vis was forced to surrender in September 1760, ceding Canada to Britain.

Essay about The Existence of God the Arguments of Locke...

Descartes believes that Gods existence is clear and distinct. God exists because the thought of God is derived from a completely clear and distinct idea from within his being (which he concedes is a thinking being). Having come from distinct thoughts, the idea of God can therefore never be considered a falsity. From this very distinct idea of God comes everything else that one grasps distinctly and clearly. He states, From the fact that I cannot think of God not existing, it follows that existence cannot be separated from God and thus that he actually exists. (298) The existence of God is something that cannot be separated, just as we cannot separate the idea of an ocean without sand. Descartes explains that man is a finite†¦show more content†¦Nothing can be added to that perfection. Only man has potential. God gets His existence only from Himself and owes such to no other being because He is the original cause of all things, including Himself. Man is the very proof that God exists. Because man is imbued with a thinking mind that realizes that he gets all his powers, best of all his thinking mind, from his idea of God, then it is impossible for man not to realize that what he perceives of God clearly and distinctly in his mind is a reality, and that reality is the existence of God, a perfect being who can never deceive because by His perfect Being, God is free of defects. God, as a perfect being, is incapable of fraud and deception, two things that are caused by defects. Gods existence is manifested in the way man is able to use his thinking powers to accept his limitations, and at the same time realize that someone greater than man has endowed man with the powers to think and discern clearly and distinctly the idea of a Supreme Being. John Locke starts off his treatise with the thesis that ideas spring from two fountainheads--sensation and reflection. The former, man acquires from external sensible objects that affect mans five senses--those same senses endowed upon all men by the Creator. Material things outside mans being are the objects of sensation. Through experiencing sensation, mans thinking process gives rise to ideas thereby gaining for the thinking being a certain amount ofShow MoreRelatedPropelling Rational Thought Over Compelling Empiricism1459 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper I intend to examine the rationalist philosophy of Rene Descartes and fundamental empiricism of John Locke’s philosophical arguments, in particular their ideas relating to the science of man, his identity and attempt to explain distinctions between the two. As I lay the framework of my argument it is important to understand the precepts that serve as the underpinning for the views considered by Descartes and Locke res pectively. Rationalism and empiricism are two modes of thought thatRead MoreRene Descartes And John Locke997 Words   |  4 PagesRene Descartes and John Locke each produced pieces of philosophical responses to the questions posed in epistemology which resulted with very different answers. Descartes relied on God and the mind as the only reliable and trustworthy sources to prove the existence of things other than ourselves. Locke, in contrast, made arguments for the existence of things in the external world via our innate ability to recognize and process sensations that are derived from subjects that exist in the material worldRead MoreDescartes And John Locke s Views On Consciousness, Self, And Personal Identity1475 Words   |  6 PagesSeventeenth century philosophers Renà © Descartes and John Locke endeavored to question the views on consciousness, self, and personal identity. They examined belief in God, the certainty of knowledge, and the role of mind and body. 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I will then lend my understanding as to what I believe as the ultimate source of knowledge. Locke discards the suggestionRead MoreMetaphysical Studies Of The Self And Personal Identity1395 Words   |  6 PagesMetaphysical studies of the self and personal identity were near non-existent prior to Renà © Descartes’ â€Å"Meditations on First Philosophy†. While â€Å"Meditations† was not written with the main focus on personal identity, Descartes makes assertions regarding the subject through the possessive voice. Most of the assertions regarding personal identity materialize in Mediations two and six. By using â€Å"I† in his essay, his epistemological paper is turned into a paper that also concerns self, consciousness

Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas Free Essays

Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas â€Å"Explain how characters transition from headstrong and quirky in the beginning to something that resembles shell-shocked soldiers† Raul Duke and the Attorney also known as the main characters of the novel Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas transition from headstrong and quirky characters to something that appears to be shell-shocked soldiers. The American Dream, a very common theme for every American, everyone wants to live it but few actually know what it is. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas is the American Dream put in action as Hunter S. We will write a custom essay sample on Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thompson puts to the test his standard practice of living in excess and acting strangely enough to evade detection, with the attitude of someone who belongs where he is. Hunter S. Thompson manages to create a journalistic discovery that outlines the changes of an American legend. The characters transitioning from headstrong and quirky in the beginning to something that resembles shell-shocked soldiers, these descriptions apply to both the characters, Raul Duke and his Samoan attorney who is never named, and the supporting characters, hotel bellhops and other static characters. Old elephants limp off to the hills to die; old Americans go out to the high way and drive themselves to death with huge cars†(18). This shows a perfect blend of aggressive journalism gone awry combined with great American willpower and ingenuity and is a landmark in the world of â€Å"counterculture† writing. At the beginning of the novel both Raul Duke and the attorney showed head strong and quir ky qualities. As your attorney†, that’s how the attorney always presented himself in front of people shows a very positive and headstrong personality because he isn’t afraid of showing who he is and it also represents how he loves his job since he always wanted to be referred as to the attorney. Another scene that shows both the attorney and Dr. Thompson upbeat personalities is their ride with the shark to Las Vegas. Off course they were high throughout the whole drive. That is also a reason why they felt so headstrong because it is believed that drugs made them feel more powerful. We are going to rip his lungs out! † said the attorney during the ride to Las Vegas. Also them getting the shark was one of the moments that got them so pumped up. Then there is a change in personality were both characters resemble shell-shocked soldiers. I believe these changes of transition originate from the drugs and their effects and that provokes them to become bipolar. One of the scenes that show this transition is the Vietnam flash and the hotel scene while Dr. Thompson and the attorney are in the elevator and the attorney becomes overly aggressive. This transition happens after their usage of drugs and alcohol and it is influenced by Hunter S. Thompson and his persona. The influence of Dr. Thompson’s novel he has had on American culture is almost countless. Every American writer with any sense of politics and social morality reads and looks up to the good doctor. Fear and Loathing marks a turning point in his style. The strange and often twisted mindset of these people creates, for the average readers, what seems like an alternate reality, a world which they have never before witnessed. Duke and his attorney seem like characters in some perverse drama although they are in fact, actual people. This is the effect the â€Å"sub culture† that is the subject matter. The reader can identify with the ordinary people in the novel such as hitchhiker, these people do not understand the rhyme or reason of the actions taken by the end of the book the reader, at least, has gleaned some sort of comprehension of this secret and sometimes frightening world of drug people. You can turn your back on a person, but never turn your back on a drug especially when its waving a razor-sharp knife un your eyes†. This transition from headstrong and quirky to shell-shocked soldiers all occurs from the use of drugs and its effects. Thus, Hunter S. Thompson created these characters and their personalities as a representation of himself even though they are realistic people. How to cite Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, Papers

Kraft Foods Group Analysis

Introduction Kraft Foods Group is an American company based in Northfield, Illinois. It is a grocery manufacturing company, as well as a processing conglomerate. The company deals in a variety of food, snacks and beverages. Kraft Foods Group is a public company that is listed on NASDAQ.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kraft Foods Group Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is one of the largest food companies in America. The purpose of this essay is to carry out an external analysis of the company. This will be done by conducting an analysis of Porter’s Five Forces and then a PEST analysis. A critical analysis of these two will lead to formulation of the company’s threats and opportunities. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Threat of entry of new competitors The food industry is usually very competitive. Very many companies are involved in this industry across the world. The companies in t he industry today have invested heavily in brand building (QuickMBA, 2007). This makes it difficult for any new company to come in and threaten their existence. As a result, there are very few chances of new entrants in the industry. Therefore, Kraft Foods Group does not face a lot of threat from new entrants or competitors. Rivalry among existing companies As mentioned earlier, there is a lot of competition in the food industry. The competition in this industry is international. Therefore, Kraft Foods Group faces competition from many companies from all over the world. One of the sure strategies that the companies execute to win their customers is brand building. Every company wants to create the impression that their brand is the best. Food companies strive to produce high quality. The competition is even made worse by the fact that customers have a variety of brands to choose from. Therefore, switching brands does not have any significant effect on customers. This makes it diffic ult for companies to maintain consumer loyalty (QuickMBA, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Threat of substitute products Food and beverages companies offer products that are highly similar. This offers the consumers a wide range of substitutes to choose from. The best way a company can avoid customers from switching to substitute products is by ensuring they produce high quality goods and offer them at a low price (QuickMBA, 2007). This is an issue that Kraft Foods Group can easily deal with through the help of its innovative ability. The threat of substitutes is real and the company should be ready to deal with it accordingly. Bargaining power of suppliers Any organization or individual who does business aims to make maximum earnings. It is not different for suppliers in the food and beverages industry. The suppliers have many companies to whom they can sell their pro ducts. However, the high competition in the industry forces the companies to go for suppliers whose offers are favorable. This factor makes suppliers less influential in the industry since almost all the companies are looking for fair deals. The threat of suppliers bargaining power to Kraft Foods Group is not too much (QuickMBA, 2007). Bargaining power of buyers Buyers are always willing to spend as little as possible and get the highest possible quality for products or services. Buyers will always go to the company or brand that satisfies their needs. Buyers bargaining power, therefore, becomes highly influential in this industry. They can easily switch to other brands since the costs they will incur are almost insignificant. Kraft Foods Group faces a serious threat from buyer bargaining power.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kraft Foods Group Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For Kraft Foods Group to m aintain its customers, it needs to offer high quality products, lower its prices, and at the same ensure that it satisfies other customer needs (QuickMBA, 2007). PEST Analysis Political environment The company is affected by the political environment in America, as well as other countries outside America. Kraft Foods has been involved in political activities, some of which involve supporting politicians whose policies are in line with its business interests. There is a political committee known as Kraftpac that was formed by Kraft Foods Group. The purpose of this committee is to fund the United States Federal candidates, as well as political parties. The committee also funds other political committees. It only raises the funds if it is allowed by the law to do so. However, Kraft Foods has to follow a certain criteria in determining the candidate to fund. First, it considers public policies that have a positive impact on Kraft Foods business. Secondly, it considers the presence of it s facilities and/or employees in the state or district where the candidate comes from. Finally, Kraft Foods considers the leadership position of the candidate (Kraft Foods, 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Economic environment The world has experienced a period of economic slowdown over the last couple of years. In particular, America which is the home to Kraft Foods Group has been affected by the housing bubbles. This has had a major effect on America’s economic growth. The poor economic growth has affected all the companies that operate in America, including Kraft Foods Group. However, the company’s earnings have been positive despite the fact that they have dropped. Kraft Foods Group has been highly involved in marketing its brands and products. It is, therefore, no surprise that it has continued to make profits. The quality of its foods and services has been vital in maintaining its earnings through the period of economic difficulties. The company has been named on several occasions in the ‘Dow Jones Sustainability World Index’, as well as in the ‘Dow Jones Sustainability North America Index’ (KFSPFS, 2009). Changes in interest rates have al so had an effect on the company’s business. The company is listed in the stock exchange and, therefore, changes in the exchange rates have an effect on its stocks. Social environment In the modern world, the involvement of an organization in corporate social responsibility (CSR) gives it a competitive advantage. These activities bring the organization closer to its customers. Customers feel that the organization is caring about their well –being, compelling them to buy the company’s products in the future. Kraft Foods Group has continuously been involved in CSR activities (Value Based Management.net, 2013). For instance, in the year 2010 the company prepared a CSR report that called for the creation of a world that is more delicious. In so doing, the company was to engage in production of foods that are safe and healthy for human consumption. It focused on developing policies and partnerships that would realize a healthier nation and ensure the well–being of people. In addition, the company formed partnerships with farmers, a move that would help them improve their living standards. In the partnership, the company was to buy the farmers’ cocoa and coffee at a better price. Kraft Foods has also taken initiatives to reduce its emission of greenhouse gases in order to reduce environmental pollution. Technological environment Innovation is the key to success in the current economy. Kraft Foods Group embraces all aspects of innovation in order to make improvements in their products and ensure customer satisfaction. The company has been developing innovative products, as well as offering innovative services in a bid to gain a competitive edge (Value Based Management.net, 2013). Technology is given emphasis in Kraft Foods Group. It is enough to conceive how much technology is embraced at Kraft Foods Group by visiting its website. The company also has a technology known as SAP Netweaver that ensures enhances information storage and m anagement. Finally, the company has an RD team that is responsible for all innovations. This team carries out researches that help in innovating services and products. Overall Impressions Concerning the Company’s Environment (Opportunities and Threats) Kraft Foods Group operates in an industry that presents a lot of opportunities for its growth, as well as threats that could severely affect its business. Among the opportunities that are available for Kraft Foods include its ability to produce innovative goods, its involvement in CSR programs, as well as the low bargaining power of suppliers (Marketing Teacher, 2009). The ability to produce innovative goods and embrace technology will help the company improve on its quality and lower prices. This will give it a competitive advantage. Its involvement in CSR will also help in creating consumer loyalty and a strong brand. The threats that the company faces include competition and bargaining power of buyers. Competition in this in dustry is high, and it is easy for a company to lose its customer. This makes the bargaining power of buyers relevant (Zahorsky, 2009). Conclusion Kraft Foods Group operates in a highly competitive industry. It should, therefore, take advantage of any opportunity that comes its way. In addition, the company should try to improve on areas that are likely to expose it to threats and loss of sales. This will help the company to stand strong and make it through in the tough economic times and in this competitive industry. References KFSPFS (2009). Kraft Foods Sustainability Progress Fact Sheet. Web. Kraft Foods (2011). Political involvement. Web. Marketing Teacher. (2009). SWOT analysis: Lesson. Web. QuickMBA. (2007). Porter’s five forces: A model for industry analysis. Web. Value Based Management. (2013). PEST analysis. Web. Zahorsky, D. (2009). A business owner’s secret weapon: SWOT analysis. Web. This essay on Kraft Foods Group Analysis was written and submitted by user The Watchers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Why I Hate The Opera

Why I Hate The Opera Free Online Research Papers I am not a big fan of opera. It seems so theatrical, which I know is the point, but excessively so for my tastes. They oftentimes sing in foreign languages, which may seem romantic, but to the everywoman I am, it seems my daughter can speak better English then they can German. And what is with the men always being overly fat? Do I want to pay big bucks to see some guy sweat all over the stage? Opera is not for me, not by a long shot. Every movement has to be overwrought. The make-up has to be so heavy. Wigs and costumes all weighing at least 100 pounds. The stage, every inch of it, has to be drowned in movement, either with actors or set design. Can’t they convey beauty and emotion in immobility as well? And seeing some woman or man berating another, or not even berating, maybe just consoling or lavishing love, while speaking a foreign tongue, how does one understand the words? If words weren’t that important, why can’t they just hum it? Or replace the words with universally known euphemisms, like ‘amen’? The swelling of the orchestra normally drowns out the pronunciation anyway. I am sure that elongating portiaaaaa can be viewed as a talent, but not to the average listener, sorry. And why do all the main performers appear to be excessively obese? Men, women, it doesn’t matter. I have been taught that singing from the diaphragm is the way to project the voice. If this is the case, they should have some killer abs, and not a 40† waist. Maybe they need the extra poundage for presence? No, opera is not my thing. I can’t see paying all that money to leave as confused as I came, or more so. Give me plain old English, without all that sing-song excess. I will save my money and see a movie. Preferably by Jerry Bruckheimer. Research Papers on Why I Hate The Opera19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetThe Fifth HorsemanTwilight of the UAWHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionMind TravelQuebec and CanadaThe Spring and AutumnAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

Promptly Acknowledge Affiliation to Provide Context

Promptly Acknowledge Affiliation to Provide Context Promptly Acknowledge Affiliation to Provide Context Promptly Acknowledge Affiliation to Provide Context By Mark Nichol I was slightly put off by a newspaper article that referred to the recent appearance before a US Senate subcommittee of philanthropist Paul David Hewson. Why? Because the article, after introducing Hewson by his better-known moniker, Bono, identified him simply as â€Å"the U2 frontman.† The article, however, had nothing to do with Bono’s membership in one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed rock bands of all time. Bono spoke to the subcommittee in his capacity as an activist who has cofounded several nongovernmental organizations that seek to improve living conditions, primarily in Africa. It had everything to do with finding ways to combat extremism and terrorism without violence, including providing financial assistance to refugees victimized by perpetrators of such movements. The article was in the entertainment section, not the news section, but it was a bit flippant about one of Bono’s admittedly offbeat arguments: that humor be deployed as one cultural weapon against repressive regimes. Most important, however, it took its time presenting Bono’s credentials, implying that he was just one more in a long line of airheaded artists spouting dippy suggestions about how to save the world. The writer did not err in mentioning Bono’s identity as the face of an iconic music act- that’s what attracts eyeballs- but to be responsible, he or she should have quickly introduced the musician in his additional capacity as a respected advocate for oppressed people all over the world. Readers unfamiliar with his activism and philanthropy would then be promptly informed of the validity of his appearance before a congressional subcommittee. Following a blithe lede (that’s journalistic slang for the lead sentence or paragraph of a newspaper article, kids), the article stated, â€Å"The U2 frontman spoke during a Senate subcommittee hearing on Tuesday . . . .† If I had been the editor of the article, I would have revised it to read something like this: â€Å"The U2 frontman, also recognized for his activism and philanthropy in support of oppressed people worldwide, spoke during a Senate subcommittee hearing on Tuesday . . . .† In addition, Bono’s primary plea was for more funding for political refugees; the comment about deploying comedians was an afterthought by comparison, though he did make a valid point about how dadaists and surrealists in early Nazi Germany, employing satire in their activities and publications, were a threat to Nazi hegemony. The article underemphasized his call for a program much like the Marshall Plan, an ambitious (and expensive) but effective economic initiative that was instrumental in helping Europe rebuild after World War II. In summary, if you find yourself in a position to report on a celebrity’s more substantial activities, such as philanthropic efforts, even if the content is intended to be as much entertaining as informative (or even more of the one than the other), do a better job than the writer in question about providing context. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. ProgrammeThe Difference Between "will" and "shall"10 Varieties of Syntax to Improve Your Writing

Supreme Court Case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Supreme Court Case - Research Paper Example The administrative action taken in this case, which consisted of five steps, is described, after which a stand is made that the court’s action had no effect on any perceived arbitrariness in the administrative agency’s decision. This writer’s opinion was rendered on the appropriateness of the court’s decision, and foreseen future implications on administrative actions are briefly described. On the case of Goldberg v Kelly 1. Offer a brief summary/historical overview of the circumstances in the case, the stakeholders, and the outcome sought by the plaintiff. In this case, the appellants were New York state officials and the Commissioner of Social Services, New York City. The appellees are New York City residents who were receiving financial aid under federally supported Aid to Families with Dependent Children program, and the general Home Relief program of New York State (397 U.S. 256). Plaintiff-appellees allege that their benefits either have been or were about to be terminated by officials without prior notice and hearing. They claim in effect, denial of their constitutional right to be afforded the due process of law, for which they sought the restoration of their welfare benefits pending results of evidentiary hearing where they could present their case (397 U.S. 256-257). Upon conclusion of the administrative procedure and remedies during which time plaintiffs’ welfare benefits were terminated, action was brought by the aggrieved party in the District Court for the Southern District of New York. Defendants argued that pursuant to regulation, a pre-termination review was conducted at the end of which it was decided that termination of benefits was warranted. At this juncture, the benefits were halted, although plaintiffs were afforded the option of requesting for a post-termination â€Å"fair hearing† during which they may appear personally before the decision-maker, adduce their evidence and confront and cross-exam ine the witnesses against them. The rationale behind the discontinuance of welfare benefits after the administrative review and summary adjudication prior to the â€Å"fair hearing† was purportedly to protect the interests of the New York taxpayer, in case the hearing finds the discontinuance to be meritorious (397 U.S. 265). The district court ruled in favor of plaintiffs, that in light of the constitutional mandate, a pre-termination evidentiary hearing is required in order to satisfy the due process requisite under the law (397 U.S. 256-257). The District Court rejected the argument by welfare officials that their conduct of a post-termination â€Å"fair hearing† as well as an informal pre-termination review had adequately complied with the law. The decision of the District Court was withheld on appeal. 2. Explain how the case qualified for judicial review in regards to the ripeness, standing, the exhaustion of administrative remedies, and primary jurisdiction as th ey apply. The doctrine of ripeness is concerned with whether at the time a judicial action is brought, the facts have sufficiently developed such that the injury has occurred or is likely to occur, instead of being remote or contingent. A claim is ripe if the injury upon